Calculate the required force to bend a piece of sheet metal using wipe bending, also called edge bending. In this process, the sheet is held between a wipe die and pressure pad, while a punch presses against the edge of the sheet. The bending force can be calculated from the sheet thickness, bend length, die edge radius, punch edge radius, and the ultimate tensile strength of the material. The calculated tonnage can be used for the selection of a machine, such as a press brake, to perform the bending operation.